Biotechnological Applications of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors by Vipin Chandra Kalia

Author:Vipin Chandra Kalia
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

11.4 Nanoparticles in Delivery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors (QSI)

The activity of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) can also be enhanced by their application and delivery in the form of nano-formulations. Various systems have been developed for the delivery of antibiofilm and anti-QS agents including liposome, noisome, PGLA, dendrimers, chitosan etc. (Sajid et al. 2014). The biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles used for controlled delivery of drugs is an effective therapeutic strategy (Daum et al. 2012). In last few years, several nano-based delivery systems like poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (PLGA), fusogenic liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and lipid-polymer hybrid nano-formulation have proven to be promising vehicles for targeted delivery of drugs (Forier et al. 2014). Many such formulations like protein–polymer conjugates (e.g. Intron® A) and liposomes (e.g. AmBisome®) have already reached to market authorization stage. There are many other formulations under preclinical or clinical investigation such as polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipid nanoparticle, nanosomes, drug–polymer conjugates and complexes (Mohamed-Ahmed et al. 2013). Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are physiological lipids dispersed in aqueous surfactant solution are one of the attractive class of nanocarriers (Bondì and Craparo 2010). SLNs have advantage of improved drug stability, tendency of readily incorporation of lipophilic drugs, controlled release and a higher safety threshold values due to the evasion of organic solvents (MuÈller et al. 2000; Mehnert and Mäder 2012). There are certain limitations associated with SLNs including risk of drug leakage gelation during storage, low drug loading owing to lipid polymorphism (Müller et al. 2002).

Nafee and co-workers investigated the effect of SLNs incorporated with QSI on pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa PA14. It is interesting to note that not only the biological activity of QSI was maintained but exhibited superior action in its nano-formulation. Further, inhibition of pyocyanin production by QSI encapsulated SLNs was most pronounced at lower concentrations and weaker dependence on dose, while free compound resulted in a clear dose-dependent inhibition. It was also found that free SLNs also inhibited pyocyanin production that strongly suggests an additive inhibitory effect by the QSI and the SLNs. The growth curve data of P. aeruginosa confirmed the inhibitory potential of plain SLNs was not due to bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect (Nafee et al. 2014). The result rules out the possibly of QS inhibition by inhibiting microbial growth which is often associated with nanoparticles (Bae et al. 2011).

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